Importing Specialists to Indonesia or Bringing Back “the Colonials”?

How did the newly-established country Indonesia meet the demand of specialists in various government services? Importing foreign personnel.

Budi Setiyono

Dr. Menne received a visit from Minister of Health Abdul Azis Saleh in 1958. (Doc. of Menne Family).

8 Mei 2023
12 menit membaca

Diperbarui: 20 Okt 2025

AFTER completing his medical study, Bruno F.M. Menne worked as a volunteer at the clinic of the University of Freiburg, Germany, the university he graduated from. His wife, Gertrud Menne, had to be the family's breadwinner. Germany at that time was in the middle of imminent postwar economic turmoil, so when they heard that Indonesia was in need of medical personnel, they took the chance.

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Dr. Menne menerima kunjungan Menteri Kesehatan Abdul Azis Saleh tahun 1958. (Dok. Keluarga Menne/Historia.ID).

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