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Coolen and Christianity in Java
Coolen spread Christianity in Java using wayang, a traditional Javanese puppet theatre. He acculturated Christian teachings with Javanese culture, creating a stark difference with Dutch Christianity.


Taking A Melodious Trip to Lokananta
The first and largest music studio in Indonesia to record sounds of artistic value, Lokananta continues to exist as a witness to the development of Indonesian music.


The Light of Christ on Nias Island
Christianity is the majority religion on Nias Island, thanks to German pastors who spread it with the help of local teachers whom they had trained.


The Telenovela Craze in Indonesia
Starting as radio dramas in Cuba, the revolution paved the way for radionovelas to become telenovelas. This Latin American cinema spread to various countries, including to Indonesian television screens.


The Cideng Camp: A Hell on Earth
Japan declared the Cideng Camp a “protected” ghetto, but in reality, the internees' lives were hellish.


A Historical Pilgrimage to Petamburan, Jakarta (3-End)
Tan Tjeng Bok was known as an actor for three eras. He was once the highest-paid artist, but his life ended in sorrow. He was buried in the Petamburan Public Cemetery.


A Historical Pilgrimage to Petamburan, Jakarta (2)
Johan Kepler Panggabean was a national entrepreneur and a friend of President Sukarno. His company, the sole agent for VW cars from Germany, went out of business following the change of power.


A Historical Pilgrimage to Petamburan, Jakarta (1)
From Indonesian national soccer team coach Toni Pogacnik to race car driver Hengky Iriawan, several notable sports heroes in Indonesian history are buried at the Petamburan Public Cemetery, Central Jakarta.


The Legacy of the Colonial Gas Network
After being halted due to the war, the Dutch gas company resumed its operations but was later nationalized by the Indonesian government. What is the fate of this colonial legacy?


From Gas to Electricity
Nederlandsch-Indische Gasmaatschappij (NIGM) was a large Dutch company that gave birth to PLN and PGN. The merger of gas and electricity companies is attributable to Knottnerus' hard work during the Dutch East Indies era.


Sukarno’s Exile at the Batu Tulis House
After being expelled from the pavilion at the Bogor Palace, Bung Karno moved to Hing Puri Bima Sakti, also known as the Batu Tulis House, where he was placed under house arrest.


Soebandrio, the Diplomat Who Fought for West Irian
He was Sukarno's confidant in the fight for West Irian. He traveled the world to “fight” in the diplomatic arena, but that journey almost ended tragically.


From West to East: Soebandrio’s Diplomatic Journey
Despite not having a background in diplomacy, Soebandrio was entrusted with becoming Indonesia's first ambassador to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union. His appointment was considered strategic because both countries were superpowers and victors of World War II.


Omar Dani’s Days in Nirbaya
The Nirbaya Military Detention Center became a political prison for several figures after the September 30th Movement in 1965. Former Air Force Commander Omar Dani was one of the political prisoners who spent the longest time in Nirbaya.


Amarta Pavilion: Witness to the End of a Reign
This recounts the story of the pavilion designed by Sukarno, which bore silent witness to the March 11, 1966 Decree (Supersemar). It was also one of Bung Karno's three “exile” homes in his final days.

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