Snouck Hurgronje was a key figure in the development of Orientalism, a field of study that explores the ideas and worldviews of people in the East, including Asia, North Africa, and the Islamic world. In fact, within the history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia, Snouck is often regarded as a pivotal figure in the Dutch victory in the Aceh War, which raged for years from the late 19th century into the early 20th century.

Snouck Hurgronje was born in Oosterhout, the Netherlands, on February 8, 1857. In 1874, he studied theology at the Faculty of Arts at Leiden University, then traveled to Mecca, and wrote a dissertation on the Mecca festival, titled Het Mekkaansche Feest.

Snouck’s fascination with the East, particularly Islam, cannot be separated from his family background. Journalist Philip Dröge notes in Pelgrim: Leven en Reizen van Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje Wetenschapper, Spion, Avonturier (Pilgrim: The Life and Travels of Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje – Scholar, Spy, Adventurer) that there was a compelling factor influencing the shift in Snouck’s perspective during his studies in Leiden, where he later studied Arabic with a focus on Islam. His interest relates to his maternal grandfather, Jan Scharp, who was one of the first Dutch people to conduct in-depth studies of Islam in the early 19th century.

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